A fence protects your privacy while also keeping your children and pets safe. A fence, like siding, paint, windows, and landscaping, is an essential exterior design element in defining the look of your home.
Whether the fence boards are set up vertically or horizontally has a big effect on how the fence looks. Vertical board fences have been used for years because of their adaptability and strength. On the other hand, fences with horizontal boards are becoming increasingly popular due to their sleek, modern appearance.
Vertical Fence | Horizontal Fence | |
Strength | Sturdy because of two-by-four stringers | Less sturdy, but this is compensated by having more vertical fence posts |
Appearance | Attractive but not unique | Attractive but not unique |
Cost | Less expensive | More expensive |
Ground Contours | Hugs contours | More difficult to build on contoured ground; best for level ground |
Pre-Built Panels | Yes, available | No, must be built on-site |
Fence Construction Basics
To choose between a horizontal or a vertical fence, it helps to know a few fence basics. Fences are composed of either two or three different types of boards, depending on the orientation of the fence boards:
Fence Post: All fences will have vertical four-by-four posts embedded in concrete in the ground. Horizontal fence posts are spaced closer than posts for vertical fences.
Fence Stringer: Stringers are horizontal boards, usually two-by-fours, that run at the fence's top and bottom. Often, there is a third-stringer in the middle. Only vertical fences have stringers.
Fence Board: Fence boards are the long, narrow boards that constitute the face of the fence. Both vertical and horizontal fences have fence boards.
Vertical Fences
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Vertical fences have fence boards that are vertically attached to two or three horizontal stringers. Fence posts are typically eight feet apart. The stringers run between the fence posts: one a few inches from the top, a few inches from the bottom, and one in the middle optionally.
Vertical fences are the most common type of fence. They are sturdy because the fence boards will not sag due to gravity. Vertical fences work well on uneven ground and even sharp slopes because the fence boards can be stair-stepped to match the ground's contour.
The wider, 8-foot fence post span means fewer posts need to be installed than horizontal fences. If the ground is level, it is possible to use pre-made fence panels in 8-foot-wide by 6-foot-high sizes.
But for many modern or contemporary homes, the vertical fence aesthetic may not be a good fit. Though fewer fence posts are required, more two-by-fours are required for the stringers. And the stringers—intended for strength—may themselves lose strength as they sag over time.
Another negative is that the most weather-sensitive part of a fence board is not its face or edges but its ends. Vertical fences' board ends face upward, receiving the brunt of the elements.
Material options for vertical fences
Wood (Timber): Wood remains a popular choice for vertical fences due to its versatility, natural beauty, and affordability. Different types of wood can be used, including cedar, pine, and redwood, each offering unique characteristics and durability.
Vinyl (PVC): Vinyl fences are low maintenance and resistant to rot, fading, and warping. They come in a variety of colors and textures, including options that mimic the appearance of wood. Vinyl fences are durable and can withstand harsh weather conditions.
Wrought iron, Steel, or Aluminum: Metal fences provide a classic and elegant look. They are known for their durability, strength, and ornate designs. Wrought iron fences can be customized with intricate patterns and decorative elements, adding a touch of sophistication to the property.
Creative variations and design elements
Lattice and trellis accents: Adding lattice or trellis accents to a vertical fence can enhance its visual appeal. These elements allow for increased airflow, provide partial visibility, and offer opportunities for climbing plants to intertwine, creating a natural and charming effect.
Ornamental tops and post caps: Vertical fences can be adorned with ornamental tops or post caps to add decorative flair. These elements can be simple or elaborate, such as finials, pyramid caps, or ball caps, enhancing the fence's overall aesthetic and style.
Textured surfaces and finishes: Vertical fences can be customized with different textures and finishes to add depth and character. Textured surfaces, such as rough-sawn or brushed finishes, can create a rustic or weathered appearance, while smooth finishes offer a more contemporary and polished look. The choice of paint or stain colors can also significantly impact the fence's overall aesthetic appeal.
Horizontal Fences
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Horizontal fences are composed only of fence posts and horizontally-oriented fence boards. No stringers are used. Posts are usually six feet apart to minimize the possibility of fence boards sagging.
For many houses and neighborhoods, horizontal fences are the de facto look. These fences are considered to be modern, clean, and up-to-date. With no stringers required, less lumber is used. Where vertical fences' weather-sensitive board ends face upward, horizontal fences board ends face to the side. This helps to slow deterioration and cracking.
Horizontal fences are usually more expensive than vertical fences because the fence boards need to be made of a higher grade of wood, so they don't sag. Even so, like any horizontally-oriented board, they may sag over time. While the fence boards can be spaced a tight 1/8-inch apart, it's still a slit that's sizeable enough to see through—from either side.
One-third more fence posts are required for horizontal than vertical fences: one every 6 feet. Because horizontal fence boards must maintain their level, they are difficult to install on sloped ground.
Material Options for Horizontal Fence
Wood: Wood is a versatile and popular material for horizontal fences. Cedar, redwood, and tropical hardwoods are commonly used due to their durability, resistance to decay, and natural beauty. Wood fences can be stained or painted to match different design preferences.
Composite materials: Composite materials, such as composite wood or vinyl, offer the appearance of wood with added durability and low maintenance. These materials are resistant to rot, insects, and fading, making them an attractive option for those seeking a long-lasting and hassle-free fence.
Metal panels: Metal panels, like aluminum or steel and colorbond, can be used to create sleek and contemporary horizontal fences. They are durable, weather-resistant, and often require minimal maintenance. Metal fences can be powder-coated in various colors to suit different design schemes.
Creative Variations and Design Elements
Alternating board widths: Varying the width of horizontal boards can add visual interest and uniqueness to a fence. Alternating wide and narrow boards or using boards of different widths in a repeating pattern can create an eye-catching and dynamic design.
Decorative inserts and patterns: Incorporating decorative inserts or patterns within the horizontal fence design can make it stand out even more. This could include lattice inserts, geometric cutouts, or custom designs that add an artistic touch and personalize the fence.
Incorporating plants and greenery: Horizontal fences provide a great opportunity to incorporate plants and greenery. By attaching planters or trellises to the fence or using it as a backdrop for climbing vines, homeowners can create a harmonious blend of natural elements and modern design.
Comparing the Costs: Horizontal vs. Vertical Fences
When comparing the costs of horizontal and vertical fences, several factors come into play, including materials, labor, maintenance, and longevity. Let's break down the costs associated with each type:
Horizontal Fences
Materials: Horizontal fences typically require more materials due to the longer length of the boards or slats. Common materials include wood (cedar, redwood, pine), composite materials, or metal (such as aluminum or steel). The cost of materials can vary significantly based on the type and quality of the material chosen.
Labor: Installation of horizontal fences can be more labor-intensive compared to vertical fences, especially if the boards need to be precisely aligned. Labor costs may increase if the terrain is uneven or if additional structural support is required.
Maintenance: Horizontal fences may require more maintenance over time due to the potential for moisture retention, which can lead to warping, rotting, or mold growth. Regular sealing, staining, or painting may be necessary to preserve the integrity and appearance of the fence.
Longevity: The longevity of a horizontal fence depends on the quality of materials used and the level of maintenance performed. Properly constructed and maintained horizontal fences can last for many years, but they may require more upkeep compared to vertical fences.
Vertical Fences
Materials: Vertical fences typically require fewer materials compared to horizontal fences since the boards or panels are installed vertically with shorter spans. Common materials include wood, vinyl, metal, or composite materials. The cost of materials will depend on the type and quality chosen.
Labor: Installation of vertical fences is generally less labor-intensive compared to horizontal fences since the panels or boards can be installed more quickly and easily. Labor costs may still vary based on factors such as terrain and the need for additional structural support.
Maintenance: Vertical fences may require less maintenance compared to horizontal fences since they are less prone to moisture retention. Regular cleaning and occasional repairs may be necessary, but they typically require less upkeep overall.
Longevity: Like horizontal fences, the longevity of vertical fences depends on the quality of materials and maintenance. Well-constructed and maintained vertical fences can provide lasting security and privacy for many years.
In summary, while horizontal fences may have higher upfront costs and require more maintenance, they can offer a unique aesthetic and may be preferred for certain design preferences. Vertical fences, on the other hand, may be more cost-effective and easier to maintain over time. Ultimately, the choice between horizontal and vertical fences will depend on factors such as budget, aesthetics, and maintenance preferences.
Horizontal vs. Vertical Fences: Which Is Right For You?
A vertical fence is usually the best choice for any fence installation where costs need to be kept under control. Less expensive fence board lumber can be used since the strength is gained from the stringers.
For any type of sloped ground, vertical fences will follow that contour with a smooth look on both the top and bottom of the fence.
A horizontal fence will be your best bet for any installation with a contemporary look. These fences hit a strong stylistic note that's unmatched by vertical fences.
For small patios, horizontal fences work well because they feel less confining; they have less of the cage-like effect produced by vertical fences.
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Read more: How to find a fencing contractor